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二、 冠词
(一) 知识概要
冠词在英语中只有3个词，分为两类：不定冠词a与an，定冠词the。 a用在以辅音开始的单数名词前，an用于以元音开始的单词前。不定冠词用来表示一类事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠词则用于特指的某一个或某些事物，可用于不可数名词、可数名词单数及可数名词复数前。
(二) 正误辨析
［误］This building is an university.
［正］This building is a university.
［析］a用于以辅音音素开始的单词前，而an用于以元音音素开始的单词前，而不是元音字母开头的单词前。university的第一个音素是［j］，所以 用a而不要用an。又如：There is a “n” in the word.是错句，应为：There is an “n”in the word.因字母n的发音的第一个音素是元音。要注意的还有hour因其第一个字母h不发音，所以应该用an hour。例如：
I need an hour to finish the work.
It is a useful dictionary.
It is a European country.
I bought a used car.
［误］I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.
［正］I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.
［析］因umbrella的第一个音素是元音，所以应用an.常用的情况有：an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy…。
［误］“Can you help me” “Sorry, I'm in hurry.”
［正］“Can you help me” “Sorry. I'm in a hurry.”
［析］不定冠词的主要用法如下：
1. 用来表示一类人或事物，如：She is a teacher.
2. 指某一类人或事物中的一个，如：An elephant is bigger than a horse.
3. 泛指某一人或事物，如：A man is waiting for you at the school gate.
4. 相当于“one”的概念，如：I just bought a new dictionary.
5. 其主要的难点是用在固定词组中：
如：have a walk/a rest /a look
又如：in a hurry 匆匆忙忙
make a face 作鬼脸
do somebody a favour 帮某人忙
a number of =many
又如：have a good time (玩得好)
have a cold (感冒)
have a headache (头痛)
have a break=have a rest
［误］I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good.
［正］I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good.
［析］在文章中第一次提到某物时用不定冠词，而第二次提到时用定冠词。
［误］Please turn off lights before you leave.
［正］Please turn off the lights before you leave.
［析］虽然是第一次提到某物但说话双方均知其所指，也应用定冠词。
［误］There are nine planets around a sun.
［正］There are nine planets around the sun.
［析］世上独一无二的天体等名词前应加定冠词，如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.
［误］I live on a second floor of this building.
［正］I live on the second floor of this building.
［析］在序数词，形容词最高级前要用定冠词。如：He is the oldest in the family.
［误］I want to learn the second language this term.
［正］I want to learn a second language this term.
［析］在序数词的含意不是顺序中的第一第二，而其意在于再学一个，再来一个时，应用a，本句的意思应为：这学期我要学一门第二外语。
［误］Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.
［正］The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.
［析］在河流名称前应加定冠词，如：the Yellow River(黄河)。
［误］Look, there are Alp.
［误］Look, there are the Alp.
［正］Look, there are the Alps.
［析］具体的某一座山不加定冠词，如：Mountain Tai.但在山名称前加定冠词后，其山名要加s，来表示山脉。the Alps即为阿尔卑斯山脉。如:The Alps are in the center of Europe.
［误］Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.
［正］The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.
［析］报刊名称前应加定冠词。
［误］Rich are not always happy.
［正］The rich are not always happy.
［析］在形容词前加定冠词表示一类人，而在姓的前面加定冠词，姓后加s表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to New York.
［误］I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good.
［正］I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good.
［析］物质名词特指时也应加定冠词。
［误］The sun rises in east.
［正］The sun rises in the east.
［析］在方向、方位前应用定冠词，如：in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及in the past, in the future
［误］Do you know who invented telephone
［正］Do you know who invented the telephone
［析］在特定和专有事物或名称前要加定冠词，
如：the English Channel 英吉利海峡
the Panama Canal 巴拿马运河
the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河
［误］Would you please buy some food for the supper
［正］Would you please buy some food for supper
［析］泛指一日三餐前无定冠词。
［误］I like to climb the mountain in the autumn.
［正］I like to climb the mountain in autumn.
［析］一年四季前不用定冠词，如：Spring is the best season in a year.
［误］Sometimes my parents come to school to see me.
［正］Sometimes my parents come to the school to see me.
［析］有些名词被用作其本身原来所含目的时不加冠词，如：go to school上学，leave school(辍学)，after school(放学)，但如果当建筑物讲时应加冠词，如例句中其父母来校不是上学，而是看望孩子，则要加定冠词。又如，He was in hospital for two days.(他在医院住院两天了。)而：He went to the hospital to see his mother.他去医院看望他的母亲。
［误］I bought a same dictionary as she bought.
［正］I bought the same dictionary as she bought.
［析］在惯用法the same, the only, the very前的定冠词不可换为不定冠词。
［误］The police caught the thief by his arm.
［正］The police caught the thief by the arm.
［析］这是英文表达法与中文的明显不同之处，也是初学者极易忽视之处。在英语中的某些动词，如：catch(抓)，take(拿)，strike (打),pat(拍)，hit(击)，hold(握)，pull(拉)…动词后应加人，再加介词on, by, in, with…之后要加定冠词，再加人体的某一部位。这时的定冠词千万不要换作his, her, their, 等词。
［误］He was paid by hour.
［正］He was paid by the hour.
［析］by和计量单位之间要有定冠词。这句话应译为：他的工资是按小时计算的。
［误］I went to New York by his car.
［正］I went to New York by car.
［正］I went to New York in his car.
［析］by仅仅与交通工具相连表示应用某种工具，而加了别的修饰词后其前面的介词也应作相应的转换。如：by car (坐小汽车)by taxi (坐出租车)by bike (骑自行车)by water (乘船)by air (乘飞机)by sea (乘船)
［误］Mary began to learn how to play piano when she was three.
［正］Mary began to learn how to play the piano when she was three.
［析］在乐器前要加定冠词，而在球类游戏之前则不要加冠词，如：They like to play bridge when they are free. (他们空闲时爱打桥牌)
［误］The little boy wanted to go to cinema.
［正］The little boy wanted to go to the cinema.
［析］英语中虽有一些名词与go to连用时不加定冠词，以表示该名词的内涵，如：go to school (上学)，go to bed(睡觉)等，但去看电影则例外，要用go to the cinema.这也是语言的一个特点。
［误］I live at 105 the Lake street.
［正］I live at 105 Lake Street.
［析］街道名称前不用冠词。
［误］Next summer holiday I will go to country to live on a farm.
［正］Next summer holiday I will go to the country to live on a farm.
［析］country既作国家讲也作乡村讲。作乡村讲时，一定要加定冠词，而且只有单数形式，作国家讲时则可有复数形式。如：Japan is a country .Japan, China, India are Asian countries.
［误］The picture looks better at the distance.
［正］The picture looks better at a distance.
［析］at a distance意为“离开一定距离”。而in the distance为“远方，远处”。这样常用的词组有：
as a rule (照例)
in a hurry (匆忙)
in the morning/afternoon (上/下午)
in the sun (在阳光下)
in the rain (雨中)
in the same way (同样)
in the shade (在阴凉处)
in the day time (白天)
in the end (最终)
on the other hand (换句话说)
on the contrary (相反)
［误］The little boy and girl walk along the street a hand in a hand.
［正］The little boy and girl walk along the street hand in hand.
［析］这是英语中的习惯用法，如：
bit by bit (逐渐)
day after (by) day (一天又一天)
day and night (日日夜夜)
face to face (面对面)
from A to Z (自始至终)
from time to time (再三)
hand in hand (手拉手)
shoulder by shoulder (肩并肩)
(三) 例题解析
1 Mr Li is＿＿＿ old worker.
A a B an C some D /
［答案］B.
［析］an用于元音音素开始的单词前。
2 English is＿＿＿ useful language in ＿＿＿ world.
A an, the B a, the C the, / D /,the
［答案］B.
［析］因useful的第一个音素是［j］，它是辅音音素。
3 What ＿＿＿ interesting book it is?
A a B an C the D /
［答案］B.
［析］这是感叹句，因为移到原一般句前面的强调部分中有可数名词book,所以应加冠词，而interesting的第一音素是元音所以要加an。
4 He will be back in ＿＿＿ hour.
A / B the C a D an
［答案］D.
［析］因hour的首字母h不发音。
5 There is ＿＿＿ map in the classroom. ＿＿＿ map is on the wall.
A a, A B the, The C a, The D the ,A
［答案］C.
［析］在文章中首次提到某人或某物时用不定冠词，而第二次再提到该物或人时应用定冠词。
6 Look at＿＿＿ picture! There's＿＿＿ house in it.
A a ,a B the, the C a, the D the, a
［答案］D.
［析］虽然是第一次提到，但在句中的语言是让对方看某一特定的图画，所以应选择D。
7 There is ＿＿＿ orange in the bottle.
A a B an C the D /
［答案］D.
［析］这里的orange是指桔汁而不是一个个的桔子。
8 Beijing is ＿＿＿ capital of our country.
A the B an C / D a
［答案］A.
［析］capital之后有of结构则要用定冠词。
9 If you work hard at English, you'll get ＿＿＿ “A” in the test.
A an B / C the D a
［答案］A.
［析］因字母A的第一音素是元音。
10 He usually goes to school on ＿＿＿ foot.
A a B an C the D /
［答案］D.
［析］on foot意为走路上学，是习惯用法。
附：小学英语教师招聘真题
I.Vocabulary and Structure
1. The sounds[rait] should watch the word ______
A. might B. right C. light D. night
2. She sometimes uses WeChat ______ my mobile phone,but only to contact her mother
A. by B.in C. on D. for
3. —let’s goand see Mr.Brown
—I’m afraid this isn’t a very ______ moment to see him, as he’squite busy these days.
A. awkward B. Stressful C.important D. convenient
4. Experience is a hard teacher because she ______the test first, the lesson afterwards.
A. gives B. has given C. wasgiving D. would give
5. Having put down his pens at the end of this exam,the boy ______ 16 years of hard study.
A. have ended B. will end C. ends D. was ending
6. Parents have a legal ____ to ensure that theirchildren are provided with efficient education suitable to their age.
A. impact B. commitment C.influence D. motivation
7. ______ by the English teacher for the high grade,I felt my effort finally paid off.
A. Praise B. Praised C. To praise D. Praising
8. —How do you like your teacher ofEnglish?
—Well, no one teacher ______ here. We do appreciate herkindness.
A. well B. poorly C. best D. better
9. For everyone’s safety we ______ always rememberthe law against driving after drinking.
A. could B. might C. should D. would
10. —I am sure you will be happy inthis school once you get to know everyone.
— ______.
A. Thank you B. I hope so C. Mypleasure D. No problem
11.Letters asaway of communication have long given way to phone calls and WeChat messages.But a TV show ,Letters Alive bring thisold way to keep in touch back into the present.
A.ishelping B. help C.has helped D.was helping
12. You mustface the reality and know the environment
A.that you get B.where you have C.when youstay D.you are in
13.you can’t catch the charm of English poetry you understand its rhythm.
A.if B.unless C. though D.while
14.Only toEngland how important it is to graspEnglish.
A.when did I go;I realized B.when I went;I realized
C. When I went;did I realize D.when did I go;did I realize
15.It is notuntil he came to the classroom he found out what had happened.
A.who B.how C. where D.that
16.In theirhearts,some American women think it is men’s business to make money and to spend it.
A. they B. them C. theirs D.their
17.The 2020winter Olympicwill in Beijing, settingup the Chinese capital to become the first city to host both summer and winterOlympics Games.
A.takeplace B. take up C. take part D.take on
18.He made apromise he earned money,he would build a new school to help develop education.
A. what B. that C. that if D.what if
19.whenstudentsmy rule—no laptop,iPads,Phones in advance of the class,some ofthem were not happy.
A. Were told B. told C. have beentold D.will tell
20. —Well, maybeIshould gotoseeadoctor.
—.
A. Never mind.That’s what you cando at least
B. No,that’s not your fault.Why should you?
C.You’re welcome.You’ll be better soon.
D.Yes, I guess so although I know you hate doctors.
II.Cloze
Mydad is my hero because he is brave,skilled,and respectful. He teaches me aboutbecoming a man which is 21 importantfor a young boy.
Respect goes a long way with my dad , as doespatience . As a(n) 22 my dad must deal with people every day.Some of whom are nice and some are not. Either way,he 23 his well-mannered attitude.
Dadis not afraid of many things,or if he is ,he doesn’t tell me. He may not be a big guy but since he works with his 24 all day ,he is very strong. Dad works outdoorsin all kind of conditions 25 the worst thing he has to do is climb up and workin an attic(顶楼) in the middle the summer.Trust me, thisis the hottest place you will experience as an electrician and when you comeback 26 ,what is in your lungs will make you 27 forhours.
Mydad and I have a very good relationship.We talk about almost everything. We gohunting, fishing, and everything a dad and son would do. My dad and I enjoyhiking 28 because it gives us time outdoors together andthere is nothing like that. He has 29 and taught me everything. I needto know about nature.
Iam 30 to the son of Mike, and would not have not have it any other way.He is a good teacher of my life and would do anything for me . This is myfather is my hero.
21.A.specially B.extremely C. nearly D.hardly
22.A.worker B.officer C.electrician D.engineer
23.A.finds B.makes C.hides D.keeps
24.A.hands B.mouth C.brain D.legs
25.A.though B.as if C.but D.because
26.A.down B.over C.inside D.up
27.A.rest B.cough C.ache D.sleep
28.A.widest B.least C.latest D.most
29.A.learned B.refered C.shown D.collected
30.A.excited B.eager C.surprised D.proud
A
Fora long time being happy was considered something that just happened, and therewas nothing special about it. Now we know that getting along with other peopleis something that we can work at. It is possible to act in such a way thatother people will like us better. One way is being unselfishness, not wantingeverything from our friends. Another way is to look for good points, not badones in other people.
Youdon’t have to be spineless (没有骨气的)in order to be popular. In fact, you will be liked and respected if you are notafraid to stand up for your rights. But do it politely and pleasantly. Beingfriendly and polite to your group, to other people and to strangers andespecially to those who do not look important or do not interest you is one wayto develop a good character.
Youcan not expect to be perfect, and so you must learn not to be unhappy when youmake mistakes. Everyone makes mistakes, and no one is to be blamed unless herefuses to learn from them. .Just remember that we all have some of thesefaults and have to fight against them.
Atthe same time, it is important to remember that, while you are probably noworse than others, the best way to be happy is to think yourself above otherpeople. When something is wrong, it is good sense to try to make it right.Perhaps you don’t like a teacher or a classmate. Tryto see why, andlook at yourself, too. To be sure that you are not doing anything to make thatperson dislike you. Some day, things may turn out all right, then you will haveto learn to get along the best with situation, without thinking too much aboutit. Worrying never helps in a situation you can’tchange.
31.One of the two ways the author suggested for us to get along with others is .
A.to demand the best share of everything
B.to look for treasure in order to be successful
C.to draw attention of our friends
D.to pay more attention to other people’s good points.
32.According to the passage, if one wants to be popular, one needs to .
A.be polite and friendly
B.give up some rights
C.avoid arguing with other people
D.be ready to change his or her character
33.Thepassage shows that there is no perfect person but someone should be blamed ifhe.
A.isselfish and lazy
B.doesnot draw a lesson from his own fault
C.is no better than others
D.is very happy about his unpleasant quality
34.Thepassage implies that in order to be a happy person, one should consideroneself .
A.nobetter than other
B.notthe same as others
C.ashaving something better than others
D.ashaving better chances than others
35.Thepropose for the writer to write the passage is to .
A.trainyou to be perfect
B.howyou the way to be happy
C.tellyou how to act when you dislike a person D.teach you how to be popular amongyour friends
B
Ifyou want to help children develop language and speech skills, UCLA researcherssay, listening to what they have to say is just as important as talking tothem.
Theeffect of a conversation between a child and an adult is about six times asgreat as the effect of adult speech input alone, the researchers found. “Adults Speaking to children helps language develop, but what mattersmuch more is the interaction ,” said the study’s lead author , Frederick Zimmerman. The researchers also found thatTV viewing didn’t have much of an effect—positively or negatively—as long as it wasn’t displacing conversations between an adult and a child.
TheUCLA study included 275 families with children between 2 months and 48 monthsold The researcher found that ,in an average day,
Childrenhear about 13,000 spoken words form adult and participated in about 400 adult—child conversations a day.
Assessedseparately, factors positively associated in the number of words spoken byadults and head by children ,When looked at alone, TV was negatively associatedwith language development. But, when the three factors were analyzed together,the only one that stood out was conversation between adults and children.
“The more a child speaks and interacts wish an adult, the better ideaa parent has about where the child is,” Zimmerman said.“Although it’s mostly done unconsciously ,parents will providefeedback and correct mistakes .They’ll also tailortheir speech to the child. Parents can give a child word by talking to themabout what they’re doing,” sheadded . “If parent can carve out some conversation time—maybe at bath time or atdinner time—that’s a wonderfulthing.”
36.The researchers also found that TV viewing .
A.had a little effect on a child’s language development
B.could have a positive effect on a child’s language
C.affected a child’s language development both negatively and positively
D.affected a child’s language development more negatively than positively
37.Fderick Zimmerman would probably agree that.
A.children should watch TV programs selectively
B.parent should let their children talk most of the time
C.conversation between parents and children should be a two-way street
D.it’s no good for parents to correct their children’s mistakes when they are speaking
38.Theunderlined phrase “stood out”in the fourth paragraph means.
A. to not get involved B. to take place
C. to be easily seen D. to support
39.Wecan conclude form the last paragraph that .
A,parents should let a child repeat what he or she says
B.parents should leave a child talking in a quiet environment
C.parent-child conversation can be carried out at any proper time
D.bath time or dinnertime is the best chance for a parent to talk to a child
40.Whatwould be the best title for the passage?
A.Talkwith kids, not at them
B.Howto develop a child’s language ability
C.Letyour children voice their own opinions
D.Theimportance of early child language development
C
Oneof the teacher’s rewards isnthat he is using his mind on valuablesubjects. All over the world people are spending their lives either in doingjobs where the mind must be kept numb(麻木 的 ） all day,orelse on highly reward activities which are tiring. One can get accustomed topersuade the public that one brand of cigarettes is better than another. Yet noone would do either of these things for its own sake. only the money makes themtolerable. But if you really understand an important and interesting subject,like the structure of the human body or the history of the two world wars, itis true happiness to explain them to others, and to learn as you teach.
Withthis another reward of teaching is very closely linked.That is the happiness ofmaking something,when the pupils come to you,their minds are only halfformed,full of black spaces.You teach the properly.It is not like injecting500cc. Of serum( 血 浆 ） ,or giving a fear’s dose of vitamins. You take the living mind,and shape it.It resistssometimes.It may lie passive and apparently refuse to accept anything you printon it . Sometimes it takes the mould too easily ,and then seems to melt againand become featureless.But often it comes into firmer shape as you work,andgives you the happiness of heliping to create a human being . To teach a boythe difference between truth and lie in print,to start him thinking about themeaning of popetry, give the sort of satisfaction that an artist has when hemakes a picture out of blank canvas(画布）or a doctor whenhe hears a sick pulse( 脉 搏 ) pick up and carry theenergies of new life under his hands.
41. What makepeople tolerant of tedious jobs is
A.the job itself B.the money
C.the significance of the job D. The numb mind
42. The underlined word “them” in the first paragraph refer to
A.the people B.the subjects C. the pupils D.the spaces
43. Teachinga pupil properly means
A.taking and moulding the living mind
B.Just inserting a lot of facts in the mind
C.being just like injecting 500cc. Of serum
D. being the same as giving a year’s does of vitamins
44. which of the following is implied in thepassage?
A.Teaching is kind of easy work
B.A teacher can create a human being
C.Pupils are always ready to accept what teachersteach them
D.The teacher is an “engineer”who shapes the mind as he works
45. The author refers to an artist and a doctor
A.because both the artist and the doctor were oncestudents
B.To show the fact that students can become gooddoctors and artists
C.Because an artist can hear a sick pulse
D.to show how a teacher feels when he success inhelping create a human being
第二部分 主观题
一、书面表达（10分）
近年来，中小学生课业负担过重一直受到社会的广泛关注，各地教育部门也对学生的作业量及课外活动量做了严格规定。English Daily 网站就此对某县部分小学生课外活动进行了 问卷调查。请根据以下思维导图提示的调查数据写一份 100词左右的英文调查报告，并谈谈 你的意见和建议，内容可适当发挥。
二、案例分析题（15分）
【案例1】在教学人教PEP三年级英语下册unit2My family partB let’s talk 一课时，一位教师把自 己的 family tree 呈现学生，包括家人的照片和真实的姓名，由学生提问教师，了解照片中 的人与教师关系，然后让学生模仿教师的做法制作一个 family tree，学生相互提问，学生在 好奇心的驱使下连连发问：Who’s that woman？Is ……youmother？Is the girl You daughter.（5分）
【案例2】在一节三年级的英语公开课上，复习环节中授课教师出示图片问：“what’s this”？一个 女生马上说出：“It’s an banana！”发音准确，声音响亮，教师马上向她竖两个大拇指，让全部学生鼓掌并齐声说：Good! Good！very good！课堂立刻响亮的啪啪啪.啪啪啪的掌声，这 样的评价方式在本节课中出现十多次，于是整堂课掌声迭起，热闹非凡。（5 分）
【案例3】课堂上教师在教学短语：by ship，单词ship 中的I发短音，教师意识到这个音可能会与 长音的 sheep 混淆，特地开起小火车检测单词发音，有一个在开小差，慌乱中就脱口而出bysheep，同学们听了这个不和谐的音后大笑起来，这个学生满脸通红，教师起先对这个手拿着画纸的男孩子有些生气，但看着全班同学的嘲笑声和这个脸红的同学，不由得计上心来，她故意说：“what？you often go to school bysheep？mie mie~这下全班笑得更厉害，这个说错的同学也大笑起来，还边笑变纠正：“No no no ;by ship，by ship”这时教师就给这个学生一个击掌：“Yes，you’reright！Good，next one。”（5分）
【问题】请根据以上三个案例的描述，分别判断这个三个教学案例活动是否合理，并进行分析，如有不合理之处，请给出建议。
三、简答题（10 分）
1.呈现演示是教师运用多种手段等制造情景与环境，介绍新的目的语言材料，指导学生 理解和掌握知识，传递教学信息的行为方式，请简述小学英语课堂中呈现演示的原则有哪些？
2.如何开展小学英语语音教学？
四、教学设计题（15分）
【阅读材料】 请根据人民教育出版社《义务教育教科书（PEP）（三年级起点）》五年级上册Unit4 What can you do? PartA Let’s learn 部分内容，按要求完成下列教学设计任务。
【问题】
1.请根据教学内容确定本课时的教学目标（3 分）
2.请设计出presentation 环节的教学步骤（6分）
3.请设计出本课时的两个词汇巩固操练活动（单词认读、单词音义形匹配）及一个词汇综合运用活动（6分）
参考答案
I.Vocabulary and Structure
1-5:BCDAA 6-10:BBDBA
11-15:ADBCD 16-20:CACAD
II.Cloze
21-25:BCDAC 26-30:ABDCD
III.Reading Comprehension
31-35:DABDB 36-40:ACCCA
41-45:BBADD
第二部分 主观题
一、书面表达（10分）
Accordingto the mind map that is about student’s activities in their spare time,we can know more than 50% students spend their time in studying and readingbooks or doing homework. Less than 20% students’ timeis spent on the TV and computer games. Surprisingly, only 20% students do theirsports or play outdoors. As we know, much time is used on study.
Asfar as I am concerned, study plays an important role in students’ life, which may,to some extent, do harm to their health. School andfamily should combine together to cut down the burden of the students and muchmore time should be given to them to lead a fantastic life.
二、案例分析题（15分）
（1）案例1合理。《英语课程标准》主张学生在真实语境中接触，体验和理解语言，并在此基础上学习和运用语言。案例1中的教师的设计围绕本节课的目标、任务和话题 创设语境，不仅有助于教学目标的达成而且也有利于学生对小伙伴家人的好奇心，激发学生表达的欲望，符合新课标的理念，所以合理。
（2）案例2不合理。《义务教育英语课程标准》中指出：小学英语教学评价应以教学内容为依据，以激发学生的学习兴趣和自信心为主要目的，采用符合学生认知水平、具有 多样性和可选择性的评价形式。案例2中的教师在一堂课中用了十几次 Good，Good，very good对学生进行评价，并叫 全班学生一起响亮的评价，评价语言单一，机械。教师的评价语言应该丰富，根据学生 的不同的表现给予不同程度的评价，如 good job,excellent,You are a clever boy. 等。教师对学生的评价应该真诚而不是流于形式。案例3合理。苏联著名教育家斯维特洛夫认为：“教育家最主要的也是第一位的助手， 就是幽默。”适当的幽默是课堂教学的润滑剂，有利于调节课堂气氛，让学生在欢笑中受到启发，在愉悦中掌握知识、增长智慧。案例中的教师不仅幽默而且特别机智。教师 的教育机智在对学生纠错中的作用更是显而易见：当学生出错的时候，教师的教育机智 能化解他们的尴尬，不会使学生出现因害怕出错而不敢举手的现象；教师的教育机智还能加深学生对错误的印象，可使他们在以后的学习中不再犯相同的错误，比单纯的跟读 说教要有效得多。所以，教师的教育机智具有巨大的教育功能，案例 3中的教师正是如此。
三、简答题（10 分）
1.（1）呈现演示的方式方法要根据教学内容、对象来定；
（2）语言要简洁易懂，一般不用学生未学过的词汇；
（3）要富有直观性、趣味性和启发性；
（4）尽量使用英语，必要时使用母语；
（5）把利用环境和创造情境统一起来。
2.（1）多听。大量的用心地听英语母语人士的谈话录音，或者看英语音像制品。
（2）多练。模仿纯正的英语语音语调，反复练习直到养成习惯。
（3）培养学生自然拼读能力，避免强调音标教学。
（4）同学间相互倾听对方的朗读。
（5）学唱英语歌谣，培养节奏和语感。
四、教学设计题（15分）
1、教学目标
（1） 知识目标：学生能够听、说、读、写五个关于课余文化活动的词组：dance,sing English songs, do kung fu, play the pipa, draw cartoons 以及句型 what can you do? I can…。
（2） 能力目标：能在具体的语境中灵活运用词组：dance,sing English songs, do kung fu, play the pipa, drawcartoons 以及句型 what can you do? I can…。
（3） 情感目标：学生能够了解琵琶、武术、乒乓球等中国特色的文娱活动形式，能 够积极参与文娱活动，丰富课余生活，激发学生学习英语的兴趣。
2、Presentation
（一）话题交流，导入新课
教师出示教学挂图请同学们观看，Hi, children. We’ll have an English party next week. What can you do for the party?学生自由回答 I can sing，draw pictures, clean theclassroom…
（二）情景创设，理解词意
在与学生交流过程中，教师出示教学图片。展示 Let’slearn 中 play the pipa 动画， 学生理解词意。在教学 play the pipa 后，教师可进一步介绍一些中西方乐器，如：erhu, guzheng,piano…教师学生会演奏哪些乐器，引导学生表达，如：I can play thepiano/guzheng…
同上方法教读新词组 dance, sing English songs, do kung fu, drawcartoons.
3操练
（1） Listen and number 学生听教材中单词录音，根据听到的顺序给单词标序号，同桌间合作相互朗读并指读单词和图片。
（2） What’s missing?
教师出示 dance, sing English songs ,draw cartoons 所有图片，请同学们蒙上眼睛，教师拿走一张图片，睁开眼睛后迅速反应 What’s missing?,并给予答对者适当的奖励。
（3） 教师创设情境
T: We'll have an art festival next week. What can you do for the artfestival?
1、四人小组为单位，讨论艺术节的节目，完成下列表格，并设计艺术节海报，教师巡 视指导
2、选择几组上台汇报小组情况并展示海报，评选出优秀作品
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